Historically, Tokyo has been the political and economic center of Japan for centuries, and this has led to a concentration of population and economic activity in the central area. The city is also located in a relatively flat coastal plain, which has made it easy to expand outwards in all directions. Additionally, Tokyo's rapid economic growth in the postwar period has attracted a large number of migrants from other parts of Japan, further increasing the city's population density.
As a result of these factors, Tokyo has a very high population density, with over 13,000 people per square kilometer in the 23 wards. This density is reflected in the city's skyline, which is dominated by tall buildings and skyscrapers. The city also has a highly developed public transportation system, which helps to alleviate some of the congestion caused by the high population density.
The settlement pattern in Tokyo has a number of advantages, including the efficient use of land and resources, the accessibility of public transportation, and the proximity of a wide range of amenities and services. However, it also has some disadvantages, such as the high cost of living, the lack of green space, and the potential for overcrowding.