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* The belief in the nation's exceptionalism and its ordained mission to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
* Coined by journalist John O'Sullivan in 1845, it reflected the prevailing sentiment that the expansion was morally justified and inevitable.
2. Economic Opportunities:
* The acquisition of territories in the Pacific would provide access to new resources and markets.
* The expansion of trade routes, especially with Asia, promised significant economic benefits.
3. Geopolitics and Defense:
* Gaining control of strategic locations like Hawaii, Guam, and the Philippines would strengthen US naval power and protect its interests in the Pacific.
4. Naval Superiority:
* In the 19th century, naval might played a crucial role in international power projection and defense.
* Establishing a strong presence in the Pacific was essential for maintaining US dominance.
5. The Spanish-American War (1898):
* Following the war, the US acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam, demonstrating its commitment to expanding its sphere of influence.
6. Ideological and Cultural Factors:
* Some Americans believed that spreading democratic values, Christianity, and Western civilization was their moral duty.
* This ideology helped justify the acquisition of territories seen as less developed.