- From 43 to 410 CE, the Romans invaded and controlled parts of the United Kingdom, including Wales and England, and parts of Scotland.
The Anglo-Saxons:
- From the 5th to 7th centuries, Germanic tribes from what is now Germany and Denmark, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, invaded and settled in what would later be England.
The Vikings:
- From the 8th to the 11th centuries, Norse seafaring warriors known as Vikings raided, settled, and ruled parts of the United Kingdom, particularly in the Danelaw region of England and the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland.
The Normans:
- In 1066, Norman Duke William the Conqueror successfully invaded and conquered England, leading to the establishment of the Norman dynasty.
The Welsh:
- The Welsh were subdued and annexed into the Kingdom of England in 1282 following a series of military campaigns by Edward I.