1) 011: This is the international access code to dial outside the United States.
2) 31: This is the country code for the Netherlands.
3) Area code (1-3 digits): The area code depends on the city you're calling in the Netherlands. For example, the area code for Amsterdam is 020.
4) Local number (6-8 digits): The local number is the specific phone number of the person or place you're calling in the Netherlands.
So, to call a landline in Amsterdam from the US, you would dial:
011 - 31 - 020 - XXXXXXX
To call a mobile number, you would need to add the country code for the Netherlands (31) to the mobile number, then dial the full 10-digit number after that.
For example, to call a mobile number in the Netherlands with the number 0612345678, you would dial:
011 - 31 - 0612345678