UK Trade Barriers: Tariffs, Non-Tariff Measures, and Post-Brexit Factors

Tariffs

Average applied tariff ~1.9%; most goods duty-free. Higher tariffs on agricultural products.

Non-Tariff Barriers

• Technical regulations (product standards)
• Sanitary and phytosanitary measures (food/animal health)
• Import licensing (firearms, etc.)
• Quota restrictions on certain goods

Customs Procedures

Post-Brexit customs declarations, rules of origin, and border checks add time and cost.

Political and Economic Factors

Brexit uncertainty affects trade relations with EU. Exchange rate fluctuations (GBP) impact export competitiveness and import costs.