Natural hazards
* Severe storms: Hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons are all powerful storms that can cause high waves, flooding, and damage to coastal communities.
* Earthquakes and tsunamis: Earthquakes can cause tsunamis, which are large waves that can travel across the ocean and cause widespread damage.
* Volcanic eruptions: Volcanic eruptions can release ash, gas, and lava into the ocean, which can harm marine life and pollute the water.
* Coral bleaching: Coral bleaching is a condition in which corals lose their symbiotic algae and turn white. Coral bleaching is caused by a number of factors, including rising ocean temperatures, pollution, and overfishing.
Human-caused hazards
* Pollution: Pollution from land-based sources, such as sewage, fertilizers, and chemicals, can enter the ocean and harm marine life.
* Oil spills: Oil spills can kill marine life, coat beaches, and pollute the water.
* Overfishing: Overfishing can reduce the number of fish in the ocean, which can have a negative impact on the marine ecosystem.
* Climate change: Climate change is causing the ocean to become warmer and more acidic, which is harming marine life and disrupting the marine ecosystem.
