* Erosion: Waves erode beaches by carrying away sand and other sediments. The amount of erosion depends on the size and frequency of the waves, as well as the type of beach material.
* Accretion: Waves can also build up beaches by depositing sand and other sediments. This occurs when the waves are large enough to carry sediment over the beach berm, which is the highest point of the beach.
* Longshore transport: Waves transport sediment along the beach in a process called longshore transport. This occurs when the waves break at an angle to the beach, creating a current that carries sediment along the shore.
* Rip currents: Rip currents are narrow, fast-moving currents of water that flow away from the shore. They can be dangerous for swimmers, as they can carry them away from the beach.
* Beach cusps: Beach cusps are crescent-shaped ridges of sand that are formed by the interaction of waves and tides.
Ocean currents
* Erosion: Ocean currents can erode beaches by carrying away sand and other sediments. The amount of erosion depends on the strength and direction of the current, as well as the type of beach material.
* Accretion: Ocean currents can also build up beaches by depositing sand and other sediments. This occurs when the currents slow down or change direction, allowing sediment to settle out of the water.
* Longshore transport: Ocean currents can transport sediment along the beach in a process called longshore transport. This occurs when the currents flow parallel to the shore, creating a current that carries sediment along the beach.
* Beach morphology: Ocean currents can influence the shape and morphology of beaches. For example, currents can create long, straight beaches, or they can create curved beaches with headlands and bays.
The combined effects of water waves and currents can create a variety of beach types, each with its own unique characteristics.
