* Minerals: Egypt was rich in minerals, including gold, silver, copper, and iron. These minerals were mined in the Eastern Desert and transported to the Nile Valley for processing and export.
* Manufactured goods: Egyptian artisans produced a wide variety of manufactured goods, including pottery, textiles, furniture, and jewelry. These goods were traded throughout the region.
* Livestock: Cattle, sheep, and goats were raised in the Nile Valley and transported to other parts of Egypt and the Mediterranean for food and sacrifice.
* Slaves: Slavery was common in ancient Egypt, and slaves were used in a variety of occupations, including agriculture, construction, and mining. Slaves were traded throughout the region.