The Arkansas River (2,364 km / 1,469 mi) flows from the Colorado Rockies across Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas to the Mississippi. It is a multifunctional artery for the region.
The McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System maintains a 9-foot channel for 445 miles (716 km) from Catoosa, OK (Tulsa Port) to the Mississippi. Barges move 10–12 million tons/year of grain, fertilizer, steel, sand, and petroleum—keeping thousands of trucks off highways.
Provides drinking water for 6+ million people (Wichita, Tulsa, Little Rock, Pueblo, and dozens of smaller cities) and irrigates 1+ million acres of cropland (wheat, corn, soy, cotton).
Major dams—Keystone, Kaw, Robert S. Kerr, Dardanelle, Murray, and others—generate clean electricity for the region's grid.
Whitewater rafting (Royal Gorge, CO), bass/crappie/catfish fishing, boating, lakeside camping (Keystone, Eufaula, Dardanelle), and birding (bald eagles, pelicans) draw millions of visitor-days annually.
The navigation system spurred the Tulsa Port of Catoosa (inland port #1 in US), attracting manufacturing, logistics, and energy firms. Riverfront revitalization in Little Rock, Wichita, and Pueblo boosts urban economies.
Riparian corridors support migratory birds, threatened species (least tern, piping plover), and aquifer recharge for the Ogallala and other groundwater systems.
Managing the Arkansas for competing demands—navigation, irrigation, ecology, flood control—remains a central challenge of Great Plains water policy.