What are fjords?

A fjord is a long, narrow inlet of ocean, usually with steep sides, that is formed by the submergence of a glaciated valley or trough by means of glacial erosion. This occurs because the weight of a glacier causes the valley to sink downwards and the ocean to flood it. Fjords are typically found in high latitude areas where glaciers are common, such as in Norway, Chile, and Alaska. They are also found in some other areas, such as New Zealand, Scotland, and Antarctica.

Fjords can be very deep and may have depths of over 1,000 metres. They are often surrounded by high mountains and have a distinctive U-shaped shape that is characteristic of glacial erosion. Fjords can also have a number of islands and skerries, which are small rocky islands that are found in the fjord.

Fjords are important ecosystems and provide a home to a variety of marine life, including fish, whales, and seals. They are also popular tourist destinations and offer opportunities for activities such as kayaking, fishing, and hiking.