Woodland forests are dominated by a mix of broadleaf and coniferous species. Common trees include oak, maple, beech, birch, pine, fir, hemlock, spruce, willow, and aspen.
The understory features shrubs such as hazelnut, blueberry, blackberry, dogwood, rhododendron, azalea, mountain laurel, witch hazel, elderberry, and sumac.
Spring brings a carpet of wildflowers: trillium, violets, wood sorrel, mayapple, bloodroot, jack‑in‑the‑pulpit, lady’s slipper orchid, Dutchman’s breeches, bluebells, and mertensia.
Typical mammals range from white‑tailed deer and gray squirrels to chipmunks, raccoons, opossums, skunks, porcupines, coyotes, bobcats, and foxes.
Birdlife is rich: woodpeckers, chickadees, titmice, nuthatches, robins, cardinals, blue jays, crows, hawks, and owls all call the woods home.
Frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, snakes, and turtles thrive in the moist microhabitats.
The forest floor teems with spiders, ants, bees, wasps, butterflies, moths, beetles, grasshoppers, crickets, millipedes, centipedes, and earthworms.