The electrical system in Australia is 240 volts, and it runs at 50 hertz. In the U.S., voltage is 120 at 60 Hz. Fortunately, laptop computers have built-in power adapters that can handle from 100 volts to 240 volts at 50 to 60 Hz.
Plugs on electronic devices in the U.S. and abroad won't always look the same. Devices made for use in the U.S. use A and B type plugs -- the two or three-pronged plugs you see around your home. Australia uses I type plugs, which have three angled prongs.
A plug converter does not convert the voltage or flow of electricity, it simply allows you to plug a device from one region of the world into a wall socket in another region. You can purchase plug adapters at most airports or electronics stores. If traveling to Australia, ask for an I-type plug adapter.