The Turkic languages are subdivided into several branches, including the Oghuz branch, which includes Turkish. Oghuz Turkish was the language of the Seljuk Turks, who founded the Seljuk Empire in the 11th century. The Seljuks conquered much of Anatolia (present-day Turkey), and their language gradually replaced the local Greek and Armenian languages.
Modern Turkish is descended from Ottoman Turkish, which was the official language of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire was founded in the 14th century, and it lasted until the early 20th century. During the Ottoman period, Turkish was heavily influenced by Arabic and Persian, as well as by other languages of the Middle East and Balkans.
After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the Turkish language underwent a series of reforms. These reforms were aimed at simplifying the language and making it more accessible to the general population. As a result of these reforms, modern Turkish is much more similar to the Turkic languages of Central Asia than it is to Ottoman Turkish.
Turkish is a complex language with a rich history. It is a language that has been influenced by many different cultures and languages, and it is a language that is still evolving today.
