UK VAT Rates History: 1973–Present (10% → 20%)

Value Added Tax replaced Purchase Tax on 1 April 1973. Key rate changes:

DateStandard RateNotes
1 Apr 197310%Launch
18 Jun 19758%Cut
14 Jul 197612.5%
1 Jan 197915%Thatcher
18 Jun 197912.5%Brief cut
1 Nov 197915%
1 Jan 198017.5%Long-held
1 Oct 198415%Brief
1 Apr 199117.5%
1 Sep 19918%Zero-rate on fuel
1 Mar 199317.5%
1 Jun 199415%Zero-rate on fuel
16 Dec 199417.5%Stable for 15 yrs
1 Sep 200017.5%Zero-rate food/fuel
1 Nov 200817.5%5% for energy-saving, child seats
1 Jan 201120%Current standard
1 Apr 202020%5% hospitality/tourism (temporary, ended Mar 2022)
1 Jan 202320%Standard; 5% reduced (energy, child seats, sanitary, some hospitality)

Reduced (5%) & Zero (0%) Rates

Apply to specific categories (children's car seats, energy materials, sanitary products, most food, children's clothes, books, public transport).

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