Pharmaceutical availability across the Middle East (GCC, Levant, North Africa) aligns broadly with WHO Essential Medicines List, with regional brand preferences. Prescription rules vary—some countries allow OTC antibiotics; others restrict strictly.
| Class | Common Examples (Generic / Brand) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Antibiotics | Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Clarithromycin | Resistance monitoring high; stewardship programs expanding |
| Antivirals | Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Remdesivir (hospital) | Hepatitis C DAAs (sofosbuvir/velpatasvir) widely available |
| Antifungals | Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole, Caspofungin | Topical (clotrimazole, terbinafine) OTC in most |
| Antiparasitics | Albendazole, Mebendazole, Praziquantel, Ivermectin | Deworming campaigns in schools (WHO-guided) |
| Analgesics/NSAIDs | Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Naproxen, Diclofenac, Tramadol (controlled) | Paracetamol #1 OTC; codeine combos restricted |
| Corticosteroids | Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone, Betamethasone (topical) | Inhalers (budesonide, fluticasone) standard asthma care |
| Antihistamines | Loratadine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Desloratadine, Chlorphenamine | 2nd-gen non-sedating preferred |
| Decongestants | Pseudoephedrine (behind-counter), Phenylephrine, Oxymetazoline (nasal) | Pseudoephedrine regulated (precursor control) |
| Antitussives/Expectorants | Dextromethorphan, Guaifenesin, Ambroxol, Acetylcysteine, Codeine (Rx) | Ambroxol very popular in GCC/Levant |
| GI / Acid | Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Ranitidine (recalled in some), Domperidone | PPIs widely used; H. pylori triple therapy standard |
| Chronic Disease | Metformin, Glimepiride, Insulins, ACEi/ARBs, Statins, CCBs, Beta-blockers | NCD burden high; national formularies cover generics |
Always verify specific country regulations before traveling with medications. Carry prescriptions in English + Arabic, original packaging.