Individual practices for bodily cleanliness and health: handwashing, bathing, oral care (brushing, flossing, tongue cleaning), nail care, hair grooming, deodorant use, clean clothing/bedding, and regular dental/medical checkups.
Maintaining clean, safe surroundings: waste disposal, surface disinfection, pest control, ventilation, safe water supply, sewage treatment, public restroom sanitation, and food prep area standards.
Ensuring food safety: proper cooking/storage temperatures, clean utensils/surfaces, produce washing, preventing cross-contamination (raw vs. cooked), and regulatory compliance (HACCP, FDA Food Code).
Workplace hazard protection: risk identification/assessment, engineering controls, PPE provision, worker training, exposure monitoring, and regulatory compliance (OSHA, NIOSH standards).
Community-level measures: immunization programs, disease surveillance, health education, sanitation infrastructure, vector control, safe waste management, and policy development.
These domains overlap significantly. Poor personal hygiene affects food safety; environmental contamination impacts public health; occupational exposures become community concerns. Comprehensive hygiene requires coordinated efforts across all levels.