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1. Council of Ministers:
- The Council of Ministers is the highest executive body in Saudi Arabia and is responsible for proposing new laws and regulations.
- The Council is headed by the King, who appoints its members.
2. Shura Council:
- The Shura Council is an advisory body that reviews and debates proposed laws before they are submitted to the King for approval.
- The Shura Council members are appointed by the King.
3. Royal Decree:
- Once a proposed law has been approved by the Shura Council, it is presented to the King for his final decision.
- The King can approve the law, amend it, or reject it.
- Approved laws are issued as royal decrees and become legally binding.
4. Role of the Grand Mufti:
- In matters related to Islamic law (Sharia), the Grand Mufti, the highest religious authority in Saudi Arabia, plays a significant role in shaping laws and regulations.
- The Grand Mufti's opinions and interpretations of Islamic teachings carry considerable weight in legal decisions.
5. Implementation:
- After a law is enacted, it is the responsibility of the relevant government ministries and agencies to implement and enforce it.
- The Ministry of Justice plays a key role in overseeing the legal system and ensuring compliance with the laws.
6. Judicial Review:
- Saudi Arabia does not have a fully independent judiciary, and the power of judicial review is limited.
- While lower courts can interpret and apply laws, they cannot question the validity or constitutionality of laws enacted by the King.
It is important to note that Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy, and the King holds significant power and authority in the legislative process. While there are mechanisms in place for consultation and deliberation, the ultimate decision-making authority rests with the King and the royal family.