U.S. Citizenship Timeline: From Filing to Oath

Processing Form N-400 (Application for Naturalization) typically takes 8 to 14 months, but can vary widely by USCIS field office and case complexity.

Key Stages

1. Receipt & Initial Review (weeks): USCIS confirms completeness.
2. Biometrics Appointment (1–2 months after filing): Fingerprints, photo, signature.
3. Background Checks & Interview (variable): Security checks + in-person interview testing English and civics.
4. Decision: Approval, continuation, or denial.
5. Oath Ceremony (weeks to months after approval): Swearing allegiance; citizenship begins.

Check USCIS processing times for your local office. Delays can arise from security checks, missing documents, or high volumes.