As a Chinese citizen, you must apply for a Philippines visa from your country of legal residence. If you are residing in the Netherlands (e.g., student, work permit, long-stay visa), you can apply at the Philippines Embassy in The Hague or the Consulate in Amsterdam.
If you're only visiting the Netherlands as a tourist (Schengen visa), your residence is still China – apply at the Philippines Embassy in Beijing or Consulates in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Xiamen, etc.
Always verify current requirements on the Philippines Department of Foreign Affairs or embassy website.