Brazil's Top Raw Material Imports: Crude Oil, Coal, Fertilizers

Despite vast resources, Brazil imports key industrial feedstocks (2020 OEC data):

1. Crude Petroleum – $22.6B (Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Angola) – fuels refineries.
2. Coal Briquettes – $15.4B (Colombia, USA, South Africa) – steel, cement.
3. Fertilizers – $8.6B (China, Russia, Canada) – nitrogen, phosphate, potash for agribusiness.

Brazil is a net energy exporter (ethanol, oil) but refining mismatch (heavy crude vs. light domestic) drives oil imports. Coal for coking; fertilizers for soy/corn/coffee. Strategic vulnerability noted in policy debates.