What supplies were used to build missions?

- A mixture of clay, sand, straw, and water

- Molded into bricks and left to dry in the sun

- Provided thermal mass, which helped keep the missions cool in the summer and warm in the winter

- Also used as a plaster to finish the interior walls of the missions

2. Wood

- Used for beams, rafters, doors, and windows

- Obtained from nearby forests or from ships that brought supplies to the missions

- Often carved with intricate designs

3. Stone

- Used for foundations, walls, and floors

- Quarried from nearby hills or mountains

- Some missions, such as Mission San Juan Capistrano, were built almost entirely of stone

4. Lime

- A white powder made from crushed limestone

- Used as a mortar to hold the adobe bricks and stones together

- Also used to whitewash the interior and exterior of the missions

5. Tiles

- Made of fired clay

- Used for roofing and flooring

- Often decorated with colorful designs

6. Glass

- Used for windows

- Rare and expensive, so it was often used only in the chapel or other important areas of the mission

- The glass was often imported from Europe

7. Metal

- Used for nails, hinges, locks, and other hardware

- Also used to make statues, bells, and other religious objects

- The metal was often obtained from recycled materials, such as old ship parts or scrap metal

8. Leather

- Used for making shoes, saddles, and other goods

- Also used to make parchment for books and documents

9. Cloth

- Used for making clothing, bedding, and other household items

- Also used to create tapestries and other decorative items

10. Food

- The missions grew a variety of crops, such as corn, wheat, beans, and squash

- They also raised animals, such as cattle, sheep, and pigs

- The food was used to feed the missionaries, the Native American converts, and the other people who lived at the missions