What are various satellite sub-systems?

1. Attitude Control Subsystem (ACS):

Responsible for maintaining the satellite's desired orientation in space. It uses sensors (e.g., magnetometer, sun sensors) to determine attitude, and actuators (e.g., thrusters, reaction wheels) to adjust it.

2. Communications Subsystem:

Enables the satellite to transmit data and commands to and from ground control stations or other satellites. Includes transmitters, receivers, and antennas for various frequency bands.

3. Electrical Power Subsystem:

Generates, stores, and distributes electrical power to satellite components. Often includes solar arrays, batteries, and power conditioning/distribution systems.

4. Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) Subsystem:

Determines the satellite's position, velocity, and orientation in space. Integrates data from sensors (e.g., GPS receivers, star trackers) and uses control algorithms for precise maneuvering and orbit control.

5. Payload Subsystem:

Comprises the satellite's specific mission equipment or instruments, such as cameras, sensors, antennas, for Earth observation, communication, scientific research, etc.

6. Propulsion Subsystem:

Provides thrust for satellite maneuvers like orbit adjustments or de-orbiting. Typically consists of small chemical thrusters or electric propulsion systems.

7. Thermal Control Subsystem:

Manages the satellite's temperature within acceptable limits to ensure proper functioning of components. Utilizes thermal blankets, coatings, and active heating/cooling systems.

8. Mechanical/Structural Subsystem:

Provides physical support and protection for satellite components. Includes satellite structure (bus), mechanisms (e.g., solar array drive, antenna pointing), and deployment mechanisms.

9. Command and Data Handling (C&DH) Subsystem:

Controls the satellite's operations, processes data, and transmits telemetry to ground stations. It includes computers, memory, and software systems.

10. Software Subsystem:

Various software programs and codes needed for satellite operations, payload functions, data processing, and management of subsystems.

These subsystems are integrated to ensure the successful operation of a satellite in orbit, fulfilling its intended mission objectives.