Can a C-5 Galaxy Cross the Atlantic Without Refueling?

No. The C-5M Super Galaxy (modernized) has a maximum range of ~4,800 nautical miles (8,900 km) with no payload. With a standard cargo load (120,000 lb / 54 t), range drops to ~2,500 nmi (4,600 km).

Transatlantic distances:

• Newfoundland (Gander) → Portugal (Lajes): ~1,900 nmi.
• New York → London: ~3,000 nmi.
• Dover AFB (DE) → Ramstein (Germany): ~3,500 nmi.

Thus, a loaded C-5 cannot fly nonstop from the US East Coast to Europe. It requires air refueling (KC-10, KC-135, KC-46) or a fuel stop (e.g., Lajes Field, Azores; or Gander, Newfoundland).

The C-5's strategic value lies in its massive payload (281,000 lb max) and ability to carry outsized cargo (tanks, helicopters, satellites)—not unrefueled range. Air Mobility Command plans all C-5 transits with tanker support or enroute stops.