1. Deflection: The current may be deflected or redirected by the landmass. This happens when the coastline is not parallel to the direction of the current. The current may split into two or more branches, flowing around the continent or along its coast.
2. Upwelling: When a current encounters a continental shelf, which is a gently sloping underwater extension of the continent, it can cause upwelling. Upwelling occurs when deep, cold water from the ocean floor rises to the surface, replacing the warmer surface water. This process brings nutrient-rich water to the surface, which can promote the growth of phytoplankton and other marine organisms.
3. Downwelling: Downwelling is the opposite of upwelling and occurs when surface water sinks and is replaced by deeper water. This can happen when a current hits a steep continental slope or submarine canyon. Downwelling can cause a region of cooler water to form near the coast, which can affect the local climate and marine ecosystems.
4. Coastal currents: When an ocean current interacts with a coastline, it can generate smaller-scale coastal currents that flow along the shore. These currents are influenced by the shape of the coastline, the strength of the original current, and local wind patterns. Coastal currents can transport sediments, nutrients, and marine organisms along the coast and play an important role in shaping coastal ecosystems.
Overall, the effects of an ocean current hitting a continent can vary depending on the specific location and characteristics of the current and the coastline. These interactions can have significant impacts on local and regional climate, marine ecosystems, and coastal processes.
