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On this day, in 1947, India gained its independence from British rule. The Indian Independence Act 1947, which divided the country into two independent dominions, India and Pakistan, was passed on July 18, 1947, and came into effect on August 15, 1947.
The Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India on November 26, 1949, which came into effect on January 26, 1950, making India a Republic.
History of India's Independence
The history of India's independence movement dates back to the 18th century, when the British East India Company began to establish its control over the country. The Company gradually expanded its territories and by the mid-19th century, it had control over most of the Indian subcontinent.
The Indian independence movement began to gain momentum in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A number of factors contributed to the rise of the movement, including the growing awareness of Indian nationalism, the impact of Western education and ideas, and the increasing economic exploitation of India by the British.
The Indian National Congress (INC), which was founded in 1885, played a leading role in the independence movement. The INC was a political organization that sought to unite all Indians, regardless of their caste, religion, or ethnicity, in the fight for independence.
Under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, the INC adopted a strategy of nonviolent civil disobedience as its main method of protest. Gandhi believed that nonviolence would be more effective than violence in achieving independence, and he urged Indians to follow his example.
The INC launched a number of mass civil disobedience movements in the 1920s and 1930s, which were met with violent repression by the British authorities. However, the movement gradually succeeded in weakening British rule and in raising international awareness of the Indian independence cause.
In 1940, the INC passed the Quit India Resolution, which called for the British to leave India immediately. The British responded by arresting thousands of INC leaders and activists, and the movement went underground.
After World War II, the British government realized that it could no longer hold on to India. In 1947, the British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act, which granted independence to India and Pakistan.
The Celebrations
India's Independence Day is celebrated with great enthusiasm and fervor all across the country. The celebrations begin on August 14th, the eve of Independence Day, with the Prime Minister of India addressing the nation from the Red Fort in New Delhi.
On the morning of August 15th, the Indian flag is hoisted at all government buildings, schools, and other public institutions. The President of India also delivers a speech to the nation on this occasion.
Throughout the day, there are parades, cultural performances, and other events held all across the country. People also exchange greetings and gifts with each other, and many people visit the homes of their relatives and friends to celebrate the day.
India's Independence Day is a day of national pride and celebration. It is a day to reflect on the sacrifices made by those who fought for independence, and to celebrate the freedom and democracy that India enjoys today.