13th Century:
- Sundiata Keita, a legendary figure, leads the Maninka people in a revolt against the Sosso Empire.
- The Battle of Kirina in 1235 marks the defeat of the Sosso and the establishment of the Mali Empire.
- Sundiata Keita is proclaimed as the first mansa (emperor) of Mali.
- The empire begins to expand and consolidate its control over the region.
14th Century:
- Mansa Kankan Musa I, the most famous mansa of Mali, rules from 1312 to 1337.
- Mali reaches its peak under his reign, becoming a prosperous and powerful empire.
- Kankan Musa I is renowned for his extravagant pilgrimage to Mecca, which showcases Mali's wealth and splendor.
- The empire's influence spreads throughout West Africa and beyond, establishing trade connections with North Africa and the Middle East.
15th Century:
- The Mali Empire faces internal conflicts and external pressures, including attacks from the Songhai Empire.
- The Songhai Empire gradually gains strength and encroaches on Mali's territories.
16th Century:
- The Songhai Empire conquers the Mali Empire in 1546, leading to the decline of the Mali kingdom.
- The Songhai Empire becomes the dominant power in the region.
17th Century:
- The Songhai Empire falls to the Moroccan invasion in 1591.
- The Mali Empire, though diminished in size and power, continues to exist in a fragmented state.
- The empire eventually disintegrates, giving rise to smaller kingdoms and polities in the region.
Mali's legacy in West African history is significant, as it played a crucial role in promoting trade, culture, and intellectual advancements. Its influence can still be felt in contemporary West African societies.
