Major exports are goods or services a country sells abroad in large volume and value, generating significant foreign exchange and shaping its trade balance and economic structure.
| Category | Leading Exporters | Key Products | Share of World Merchandise Exports |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral fuels (oil, gas, coal) | Saudi Arabia, Russia, USA, UAE, Canada, Qatar, Norway | Crude, LNG, refined products | ~18% |
| Electrical machinery & electronics | China, Taiwan, South Korea, USA, Vietnam, Malaysia | Semiconductors, phones, computers, components | ~16% |
| Machinery (incl. industrial, power) | China, Germany, Japan, USA, Italy | Turbojets, engines, construction eq, robots | ~14% |
| Vehicles & parts | Germany, Japan, USA, China, South Korea, Mexico | Cars, trucks, auto parts | ~9% |
| Pharmaceuticals | Germany, USA, Switzerland, Belgium, Ireland | Vaccines, biologics, packaged meds | ~5% |
| Plastics & chemicals | China, USA, Germany, South Korea, Belgium | Polymers, fertilizers, organic chemicals | ~10% |
| Agri-food | USA, Brazil, Netherlands, China, Argentina, EU | Soy, corn, meat, coffee, cocoa, wheat | ~9% |
| Textiles & apparel | China, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Germany, Italy | Cotton, synthetic fabrics, garments | ~4% |
Diversification (Chile: copper → fruit/salmon/wine; UAE: oil → logistics/tourism/finance), sovereign wealth funds, value-added processing, services development.