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1. Greek War of Independence:
- The Greek War of Independence began against Ottoman rule, marking a significant step in Greece's struggle for independence.
2. Mexican Independence:
- Mexico gained independence from Spain, ending the Spanish colonial rule.
3. Simón Bolívar's Presidency:
- Simón Bolívar became the first president of Gran Colombia, a nation that included present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, and parts of Peru.
4. James Monroe's Presidency:
- James Monroe became the fifth President of the United States.
5. Missouri Compromise:
- The Missouri Compromise aimed to resolve the issue of slavery in the newly admitted U.S. state of Missouri.
6. Keats' "Odes":
- John Keats published his collection of six Odes, including the famous "Ode to a Nightingale."
7. Shelley's "Adonais":
- Percy Bysshe Shelley published "Adonais," an elegy lamenting the death of fellow poet John Keats.
8. Faraday's Induction Experiments:
- Michael Faraday conducted his landmark experiments on electromagnetic induction, laying the groundwork for the development of electric motors and generators.
9. French Academy of Sciences Prize:
- Augustin-Jean Fresnel received the prestigious French Academy of Sciences Prize for his work on wave optics.
10. Discovery of Antarctica:
- A Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev sighted Antarctica for the first time.
11. Opening of the Erie Canal:
- The Erie Canal was completed, connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean and significantly boosting trade and transportation in the United States.
12. First Savings Bank in the U.S.:
- The first savings bank in the United States, the Philadelphia Saving Fund Society, was established.
These events of 1821 left a lasting impact on various fields, including politics, literature, and scientific discoveries, shaping the course of history in subsequent years.