* Archaic Period (6000-1200 BCE): This period is marked by the development of more complex societies and the emergence of agriculture. The Archaic people in Texas built permanent settlements and began to domesticate plants and animals.
* Neo-Indian Period (1200 CE- European Contact): This period is characterized by the rise of complex civilizations and the development of advanced technologies. The Caddo people were one of the most prominent groups of Neo-Indians in Texas. The Caddo built large cities and developed complex systems of government and religion.