Past ice‑sheet coverage leaves lasting imprints on culture:
| Aspect | Formerly Ice‑Covered | Non‑Ice‑Covered |
|---|---|---|
| Architecture | Steep roofs, wood/stone, insulated | Flat/low‑slope roofs, diverse materials |
| Transport | Snowmobiles, skis, sleds; seasonal road closures | Year‑round cars, buses, trains |
| Food | Preserved/dried meats, fish, root crops; hunting/fishing reliance | Fresh produce, varied agriculture |
| Clothing | Heavy layers, parkas, insulated boots | Lightweight, seasonal attire |
| Social Life | Indoor gatherings; winter sports (skating, skiing) | Outdoor activities year‑round (hiking, swimming) |
| Economy | Resource extraction (mining, forestry), winter tourism | Broad mix: agriculture, manufacturing, services |
| Traditions | Ice fishing, dog sledding, winter festivals | Beach culture, harvest fairs, camping |
These are broad patterns; local variation is significant.