Do Tropical Rainforests Have a Dry Month? Precipitation Patterns Explained
Tropical Rainforests: No True Dry Month
By definition, tropical rainforests (Af climate in Köppen) receive ≥60 mm (2.4 in) of rain every month. There is no dry month—precipitation is consistently high year-round.
What Defines a Tropical Rainforest Climate?
- Mean monthly temperature: ≥18°C (64°F) all months.
- Annual rainfall: 1,750–3,000+ mm (70–120+ in).
- Driest month: Still ≥60 mm.
- Seasonality: Driven by ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone) migration—two rainfall peaks (equinoxes), not a dry season.
Contrast: Tropical Monsoon (Am) & Savanna (Aw)
| Climate | Dry Month? | Driest Month Rainfall | Example Regions |
| Rainforest (Af) | No | ≥60 mm | Amazon, Congo, Borneo, New Guinea |
| Monsoon (Am) | Yes (1–3 months) | <60 mm but >100 - (MAP/25) | India, SE Asia, N Australia |
| Savanna (Aw) | Yes (5+ months) | <60 mm | Sahel, Llanos, Cerrado, N Australia |
Micro-Variability
Even in Af zones, relative dryness occurs (e.g., 100 mm vs 300 mm), but never true aridity. Epiphytes, amphibians, and soil microbes depend on this constancy.
Climate Change Impact
- Some models project lengthening dry spells in Amazon/Congo margins.
- Could shift Af → Am in vulnerable fringes—major biodiversity risk.