What is the conflict between north and south Sudan?

Sudan's conflicts stem from ethnic, religious, and political differences. The long history of oppression by the Arab Islamic north against the mainly black African and Christian/animist south led to the outbreak of civil wars in 1955–72 and 1983–2005.

These conflicts left millions dead and displaced, created a humanitarian crisis, and caused regional instability. The 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement provided for the semi-autonomous Government of Southern Sudan and a referendum on self-determination, which resulted in the secession of South Sudan in 2011.

While these conflicts have largely ended, the underlying issues remain and tensions persist between the two countries. The contested Abyei region, border and oil disputes, citizenship rights, and other disagreements have strained relations and posed a threat of renewed violence.

Peace and stability in Sudan and South Sudan require addressing the root causes of the conflicts, including marginalization, poverty, inequality, and human rights abuses. The continued efforts of international actors, including the United Nations, the African Union, and regional organizations, are crucial to supporting peaceful coexistence between the two nations and preventing further bloodshed.