No. The Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is native to the Indian subcontinent: India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and western Myanmar.
Madagascar, isolated for ~88 million years, has no native felids. Its top predators are the fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) and raptors. Tigers have never occurred there naturally.
Confusion may arise from the extinct Malagasy "tiger" (Megaladapis)—a giant lemur, not a cat.