Which Country Does the Nile Flow Through Most?

The Nile flows through 11 countries, but "flow through most" depends on the metric:

By Length of River Course

• Sudan: ~1,550 km (White Nile + Blue Nile confluence at Khartoum → Egyptian border). Longest stretch.
• Egypt: ~1,100 km (Khartoum to Mediterranean). Entirely river-dependent.
• Ethiopia: ~800 km (Blue Nile + tributaries within Ethiopia). Source of 85% of water volume.
• Uganda: ~500 km (Victoria Nile from Lake Victoria to South Sudan).
• South Sudan: ~500 km (Bahr al-Jabal / White Nile through Sudd).

By Drainage Basin Area

• Ethiopia: ~32% of basin (but contributes 85% of flow).
• Sudan: ~25%.
• Egypt: ~10% (but 100% dependent).
• Others (Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, DRC, Kenya, Eritrea): Remainder.

By Water Contribution (Flow Volume)

• Ethiopia (Blue Nile, Sobat, Atbara): ~85–90%.
• Equatorial Lakes (Victoria, Albert, Kyoga via White Nile): ~10–15% (high evaporation in Sudd).

Answer

Sudan has the longest river length. Ethiopia contributes the most water. Egypt is most dependent. The Nile is a shared basin requiring cooperation (Nile Basin Initiative, GERD negotiations).