The optimal times to visit Seoul are spring (April–May) and autumn (October–November), when the weather is mild, skies are clear, and the city's natural beauty peaks.
Weather: 10–22°C (50–72°F), low humidity, minimal rain. Highlights: Cherry blossoms (early April, Yeouido, Seokchon Lake, Namsan), azaleas, forsythia. Festivals: Yeouido Spring Flower Festival, Lotus Lantern Festival (Buddha's Birthday, May), Seoul Festival.
Weather: 10–20°C (50–68°F), crisp, dry, brilliant blue skies. Highlights: Fall foliage (late Oct–mid Nov: Namsan, Bukhansan, Olympic Park, palace gardens). Festivals: Seoul Kimchi Making & Sharing Festival (Nov), Seoul Lantern Festival (Cheonggyecheon, Nov), Hi Seoul Festival.
Summer (Jun–Aug): Hot, humid (25–30°C, 80%+), monsoon (Jangma, late Jun–Jul), typhoon risk. Perks: Boryeong Mud Festival, water parks, night markets. Winter (Dec–Feb): Cold (-5 to 5°C), dry, occasional snow. Perks: Skiing (nearby resorts), Christmas markets, ice skating, hot springs, fewer crowds.