The territory of modern Oman has been inhabited for over 100,000 years, but its formation as a unified state dates to 1698. That year, Imam Saif bin Sultan Al-Yarubi founded the Yaruba dynasty, establishing a sovereign entity that ruled until 1711.
Aside from a Portuguese occupation lasting from 1507 to 1650, Oman has maintained continuous independence since the late 17th century. This long-standing sovereignty makes it one of the oldest independent states in the Arab world.