Air Pollution: The Taj Mahal is located in Agra, which is a city with high levels of air pollution, primarily caused by industrial emissions, vehicular traffic, and burning of fossil fuels. The pollutants in the air, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, can react with the marble surface of the Taj Mahal, causing yellowing, darkening, and pitting of the stone.
Water Infiltration: The Yamuna River, which flows near the Taj Mahal, is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. Chemicals and pollutants in the water can seep into the foundation of the Taj Mahal and damage its structure. Additionally, the water also contributes to the humidity in the area, which can accelerate the deterioration of the marble.
Weathering: The Taj Mahal has also been subjected to wear and tear from exposure to natural elements over the centuries. The intense Indian summer heat, strong winds, and monsoon rains can all cause damage to the marble, leading to cracks, erosion, and loss of intricate carvings.
Restorations Efforts: Despite the challenges posed by pollution and weathering, the Indian government has been undertaking restoration and conservation efforts to preserve the Taj Mahal. These efforts have included cleaning the marble surface using specialized techniques, conducting structural repairs, and implementing pollution control measures in the surrounding area.
2018 Controversy: In 2018, there were concerns and controversies regarding the deteriorating conditions of the Taj mahal, including reports of discoloration, structural cracks, and damage to inlay work. However, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), which is responsible for maintaining the monument, released a report stating that the Taj Mahal was structurally sound and that the discoloration was a result of natural weathering and environmental factors.
Note: Since my knowledge is limited to September 2021, it is possible that the condition of the Taj Mahal may have changed or that additional restoration efforts may have been undertaken. For the most up-to-date information on the status of the Taj Mahal, I recommend consulting official sources or checking with reputable news outlets.