Provinces and Territories of Canada: Complete List

10 Provinces, 3 Territories — 13 Jurisdictions

Canada's federation divides sovereignty between the federal government and 10 provinces (constitutional powers) and 3 territories (delegated powers).

Provinces (West to East)

1. British Columbia (BC) — Capital: Victoria; Largest: Vancouver. Pacific coast, mountains, tech, film, ports.
2. Alberta (AB) — Capital: Edmonton; Largest: Calgary. Oil/gas, agriculture, Rockies.
3. Saskatchewan (SK) — Capital: Regina; Largest: Saskatoon. Wheat, potash, uranium, prairies.
4. Manitoba (MB) — Capital: Winnipeg. Agriculture, hydro, aerospace, polar bears (Churchill).
5. Ontario (ON) — Capital: Toronto (also national financial capital). 39% of population. Auto, tech, finance.
6. Quebec (QC) — Capital: Quebec City; Largest: Montreal. French-speaking majority, hydro, aerospace, culture.
7. New Brunswick (NB) — Capital: Fredericton; Largest: Moncton. Only officially bilingual province. Forestry, energy.
8. Nova Scotia (NS) — Capital: Halifax. Ocean economy, defence, tourism, universities.
9. Prince Edward Island (PEI) — Capital: Charlottetown. Potatoes, tourism (Anne of Green Gables), wind.
10. Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) — Capital: St. John's. Offshore oil, fisheries, mining, distinct culture.

Territories (North of 60°)

1. Yukon (YT) — Capital: Whitehorse. Gold rush history, mining, tourism, self-government (2003).
2. Northwest Territories (NT) — Capital: Yellowknife. Diamonds, Indigenous governance, Mackenzie River.
3. Nunavut (NU) — Capital: Iqaluit. Inuit homeland (1999), Arctic, decentralized communities, no roads between them.

Key Differences: Province vs. Territory

Quick Reference

• Largest by area: Nunavut (2.1M km²) > Quebec (1.5M) > Northwest Territories (1.3M).
• Largest by population: Ontario (15.6M) > Quebec (8.8M) > BC (5.5M).
• Smallest by population: Nunavut (40k) > Yukon (45k) > PEI (170k).