Nova Scotia's rivers are relatively short but ecologically and historically vital. Major systems:
| River | Length | Source → Mouth | Key Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shubenacadie | ~150 km | Cobequid Mtns → Minas Basin (Bay of Fundy) | Tidal bore; Shubenacadie Canal historic route; Atlantic salmon. |
| Annapolis | ~125 km | Annapolis Highlands → Annapolis Basin (Bay of Fundy) | Annapolis Valley agriculture; tidal power potential; Port-Royal historic site. |
| St. Mary's | ~115 km | Tobeatic Wilderness → Bay of Fundy | Pristine; Atlantic salmon, trout; kayaking. |
| LaHave | ~105 km | Blue Mountains → Atlantic (LaHave River Estuary) | Lunenburg County; historic shipbuilding; tidal estuary. |
| Margaree | ~100 km | Cape Breton Highlands → Gulf of St. Lawrence | World-class salmon fishing; Gaelic cultural heartland. |
| Medway | ~95 km | South Mountain → Atlantic (Medway Harbour) | Shelburne County; wilderness canoe route. |
| Tusket | ~90 km | South Mountain → Atlantic (Tusket Islands) | Yarmouth/Acadian region; tidal islands, birding. |
Critical for diadromous fish (salmon, gaspereau, eel, lamprey), nutrient transport, Mi'kmaq traditional use, and coastal ecosystem health.