Puerto Rico Government vs. U.S. States: Key Differences

Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory (Commonwealth), not a state. Its government differs significantly:

• Own Constitution (1952), but subject to U.S. Constitution & Congress.
• Elected Governor & Legislature (bicameral).
• No voting representation in U.S. Congress (one Resident Commissioner in House, no vote).
• Cannot vote in U.S. presidential elections (though can in primaries).
• Federal laws apply; some exemptions (e.g., federal income tax for residents).
• U.S. citizenship by birth (since 1917).

It has autonomy over local affairs but lacks sovereignty and full federal representation.