Haiti's Government Structure: A Semi-Presidential Republic

Haiti is governed as a semi-presidential republic with a multi-party system.

Executive

• President: Head of state and government; elected for a 5-year term (one non-consecutive re-election allowed).
• Prime Minister: Appointed by the President with approval of the National Assembly; leads the government and cabinet.

Legislature: Bicameral National Assembly

• Chamber of Deputies: 119 members, elected for 4-year terms.
• Senate: 30 members (3 per department), elected for 6-year terms, staggered (1/3 every 2 years).

Context

Haiti has faced chronic instability: contested elections, gang violence, weak state capacity, and humanitarian crises. The 1987 Constitution (amended 2012) provides the framework, but effective governance remains a challenge.