Human and Physical Characteristics of Ecuador

Ecuador (Republic of Ecuador) lies on the equator in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia, Peru, and the Pacific Ocean.

Human Characteristics

• Population: ~17.8 million
• Ethnic groups: Mestizo (largest), Indigenous (Kichwa, Shuar), Afro-Ecuadorian, European
• Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua, Shuar
• Religion: Majority Roman Catholic; Protestant, Jewish, Muslim minorities

Physical Geography

• Area: 283,561 km² (109,484 sq mi)
• Topography: Coastal plains, Andes Mountains, Amazon rainforest
• Climate: Tropical coast, temperate highlands, humid Amazon

Natural Resources & Landmarks

• Biodiversity: One of the world's most biodiverse countries
• Galápagos Islands: Unique flora/fauna, Darwin's inspiration
• Amazon Rainforest: Significant portion within Ecuador
• Major cities: Quito (capital, UNESCO), Guayaquil (largest, port), Cuenca (UNESCO)
• Cotopaxi National Park: Active volcano, hiking, wildlife

Culture

• Rich Indigenous heritage, music (pan flute, Andean harp), dance, crafts (weaving, pottery, woodcarving)