How Do Coral Reefs Form?

Coral reefs aren’t “born”—they grow over thousands to millions of years. Tiny coral polyps secrete calcium carbonate exoskeletons. As generations build atop one another, a reef emerges. This slow process creates structures that shelter immense marine biodiversity and protect coastlines from erosion.

Threats include climate change, pollution, and overfishing. Protecting reefs preserves their ecological and human benefits.