Limestone Soils
Limestone soils are the most common soil type in Jamaica and cover approximately 60% of the island. They are formed from the weathering of limestone, which is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate. Limestone soils are generally shallow, with a depth of less than 2 feet, and are characterized by a high pH and low organic matter content. They are also prone to erosion and have a low water-holding capacity.
Alluvial Soils
Alluvial soils are formed from the deposition of sediment by rivers and streams and are found in river valleys and coastal plains. They are generally deep and fertile, with a high organic matter content and good water-holding capacity. Alluvial soils are suitable for a wide range of crops, including sugarcane, bananas, and vegetables.
Residual Soils
Residual soils are formed from the weathering of igneous and metamorphic rocks and are found in hilly and mountainous areas. They are generally shallow and stony, with a low organic matter content and poor water-holding capacity. Residual soils are often used for forestry or grazing.
Other Soil Types
In addition to the three main soil types listed above, there are also several other soil types that are found in Jamaica, including:
Red Soils: These soils are formed from the weathering of iron-rich rocks and are found in the Blue Mountains and John Crow Mountains.
Black Soils: These soils are formed from the weathering of volcanic rocks and are found in the Cockpit Country.
Peaty Soils: These soils are formed from the accumulation of organic matter in wetlands and are found in the Negril Morass and Black River Morass.
