Irregularity: Coastlines are rarely straight. They are typically irregular, with bays, headlands, and peninsulas. This irregularity is the result of erosion, deposition, and tectonic activity.
Diversity: Coastlines vary greatly in their physical characteristics, from rocky cliffs to sandy beaches to mangrove swamps. This diversity is due to differences in geology, climate, and other factors.
Vulnerability: Coastlines are vulnerable to a variety of hazards, including storms, flooding, sea level rise, and erosion. These hazards can damage coastal ecosystems, infrastructure, and communities.