Who are peninsulares and criollos?

Peninsulares and criollos are terms used during the colonial period in Latin America to refer to different groups of people based on their origin and social status.

Peninsulares:

Peninsulares were individuals born in the Iberian Peninsula (modern-day Spain and Portugal). They held the highest positions of power and privilege in the Spanish colonial system. They included government officials, military leaders, wealthy merchants, and members of the Catholic clergy.

Criollos:

Criollos were individuals born in the Americas to Spanish parents. They were descendants of the first Spanish settlers and held a lower status compared to peninsulares. While they were considered Spanish subjects, they were often excluded from high-ranking positions in the colonial administration and faced discrimination and restrictions.

The relationship between peninsulares and criollos was often strained, as criollos sought greater autonomy and opportunities within the Spanish colonial system. This tension eventually contributed to the independence movements in Latin America.