1. Low per capita income: Underdeveloped countries are characterized by low per capita incomes, which is a measure of the average income earned by each person in a country. This indicates a low standard of living and limited access to basic necessities such as food, housing, and healthcare.
2. High population growth rate: Underdeveloped countries often experience high population growth rates, which can strain resources and limit economic development. This can be attributed to factors such as lack of access to family planning services, high fertility rates, and limited education opportunities.
3. Agriculture-based economy: Underdeveloped countries are often heavily dependent on agriculture as the primary economic sector. This reliance on agriculture can make these countries vulnerable to fluctuations in global commodity prices and weather-related risks, which can impact economic stability and growth.
4. Limited infrastructure: Underdeveloped countries often have limited infrastructure, including transportation networks, communication systems, and energy supplies. This can hinder economic development by restricting access to markets, increasing transportation costs, and limiting connectivity.
5. High unemployment: Underdeveloped countries often face high unemployment rates, particularly among young people. This is due to factors such as lack of job opportunities, limited education and skills development, and an unfavorable business environment.
6. Inequality: Underdeveloped countries often experience high levels of inequality, where a small percentage of the population controls a significant portion of the wealth. This can result in limited opportunities for social mobility and increased poverty.
7. Political instability: Underdeveloped countries may also face political instability, including weak governance, corruption, and lack of transparency. This can deter investment and create an uncertain environment for businesses and individuals.
8. Deficient Health facilities: Underdeveloped countries are usually plagued by inadequate and poor quality health facilities, leading to high rates of infant mortality and widespread diseases.
9. Inadequate Education Infrastructure: These countries often lack the resources to construct and maintain proper schools, leading to low literacy rates and limited opportunities for personal development.
10. High Corruption: Corruption is a significant problem in many underdeveloped countries, hindering economic growth and development.
