Three Religions in Conflict in Historic Spain

Medieval Spain was shaped by the interplay—and clash—of three faiths:

• Christianity (Catholic) – Dominant after the Reconquista.
• Islam – Ruled Al-Andalus for centuries; significant minority remained.
• Judaism – Vibrant communities until 1492 expulsion.

Conflict was religious, political, and economic, culminating in the Inquisition, forced conversions, and expulsions.