Global Powers in the Early 18th Century: Who Was Dominant?

By the early 1700s, the major powers shaping the world were:

• European states (especially Britain, France, Spain, Austria, Netherlands)
• Ottoman Empire
• Mughal Empire (India)
• Qing Dynasty (China)
• Russian Empire

All listed entities were dominant; none were "non-dominant" powers. The era was characterized by a multipolar world order before European colonialism peaked.