Stage 3 is characterized by a high standard of living, low birth rate, and rapidly falling death rate. The life expectancy of people born in Estonia is nearly 79 years, and the infant mortality rate is 5. Infant mortality rates are slightly higher in Russia (7) and Sweden (3). The total fertility rate is now under the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman. The median age of the population in 2020 was 44.1 years (male 42.1 years, female 46.2 years).